From Fundamentals to Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Enzymatic Biofuel Cells Debajyoti Kundu, Samuel Jacob, Palas Samanta, Vineet Kumar, Manab Deb Adhikari, N. S. Sampath Kumar, Anjani Devi Chintagunta, Arindam Kuila Fuel Cells, 2026 Enzymatic biofuel cells represent a promising class of bioelectrochemical systems that employ redox enzymes as catalysts to convert the chemical energy of bio‐derived fuels into electrical energy under mild and environmentally benign conditions. Unlike conventional fuel cells, EBFCs operate with high substrate specificity and biocompatibility, enabling applications ranging from sustainable energy generation to wearable and implantable biomedical devices. Recent advances in nanostructured electrode design, redox polymer mediators, and protein engineering have significantly enhanced electron transfer efficiency, power density, and operational stability. Hybrid configurations integrating supercapacitors, microfluidics, and flexible substrates further demonstrate EBFC potential in powering self‐sustained biosensors and controlled drug‐delivery systems. Nonetheless, critical challenges remain, including limited enzyme lifetime, restricted direct electron transfer due to structural constraints, mediator leaching, and difficulties in scaling for real‐world deployment. Future research directions emphasize the development of genetically engineered enzymes with improved durability, multifunctional nanostructured electrodes for higher loading and electron mobility, and hybrid bioelectronic platforms capable of delivering stable outputs for long‐term biomedical and environmental applications. This review highlights the fundamental principles, key components, technological advances, and persisting challenges in EBFCs, offering insights into pathways that can bridge laboratory‐scale prototypes to practical, sustainable, and clinically relevant power solutions.
The influence of optimized acyl acceptors and fed-batch methanol addition on biodiesel production from soybean cooking oil waste using glyoxyl-agarose-immobilized Aspergillus oryzae lipase Gboyega Ebenezer Adebami, Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo, Arindam Kuila Industrial Crops and Products, 2025 The toxicity of acyl acceptors to biocatalysts poses a challenge to efficient biodiesel production via enzymatic transesterification. This study investigates biodiesel production from soybean cooking oil waste (SCOW) using glyoxyl-agarose-immobilized Aspergillus oryzae lipase, evaluating the effects of acyl acceptors, methanol-to-SCOW molar ratio, and fed-batch methanol addition. Response surface methodology (RSM) modeled the combined effects of molar ratio and batch addition, optimizing conditions at a 1:5 molar ratio using a three-fed batch addition with either methanol or methyl ethanoate as the acyl acceptor. Immobilized lipase achieved a higher biodiesel yield (97.7 ± 1.63 %) compared to free lipase (87.8 ± 1.54 %), with RSM predicting maxima at 97.7 % and 91.8 %, respectively, under optimal conditions. FTIR, ¹H NMR, and ¹ ³C NMR analyses confirmed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) formation, with key signals at 1158.55, 1743.34, and 2923.01 cm⁻¹ ; 3.74 and 5.33 ppm; and 47.2 and 172.4 ppm, respectively. GC-MS identified 13 FAMEs, predominantly unsaturated (77.56 %), with methyl oleate (43.69 %) and methyl linoleate (32.19 %) as the major components. The biodiesel physicochemical properties (B100), including kinematic viscosity (4.539 cSt), density (0.885 g/mL), flash point (254°C), and acid value (0.266 mg KOH/g), and its blends, complied with international standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). This research highlights a cost-effective route for alternative biodiesel production from SCOW, emphasizing the beneficial role of lipase immobilization, controlled acyl acceptor influence, and advancing enzymatic transesterification for industrial applications. Step-wise procedure for Enzymatic biodiesel production using soybean cooking oil waste (SCOW) and Glyoxyl-agarose immobilized Aspergillus oryzae GP11 lipase • Glyoxyl-agarose-immobilized Aspergillus oryzae GP11 lipase boosts biodiesel yield. • Soybean waste cooking oil as sustainable, low-cost biodiesel feedstock. • Fed-batch methanol reduces acyl acceptor toxicity in transesterification. • RSM optimizes fed-batch methanol for maximum biodiesel yield. • Characterization of biodiesel and blends (B5 – B20) confirming compliance with ASTM-D6751 and EN-14214 standards.
Biosourcing and optimization of fungal lipase production from cheap agro waste via solid state fermentation Gboyega E. Adebami, Bukola C. Adebayo-Tayo, Arindam Kuila, Benjamin A. Babalola, Moses A. Abiala Scientific Reports, 2025 The quest for economically viable sources of microbial lipases has been a primary focus for microbial enzymologists. This research aimed to screen, identify, and produce lipase from fungi using inexpensive agro-wastes as substrates. Samples of palm oil mill effluent were screened for lipolytic fungi using solid agar and submerged fermentation. Morphological and molecular methods were employed for isolate identification. Lipase activity was measured via spectrophotometric assays with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) as the substrate. The effect of medium composition on lipase production, the mineral and proximate compositions of the agro waste used as carbon sources via solid state fermentation were evaluated, followed by lipase purification and kinetic studies. Out of the 25 fungi screened, isolate GP11 identified as Aspergillus oryzae (Accession number: MN416218) exhibited the highest lipase activity and was selected for further studies. Medium composition significantly affected ( p ≤ 0.05) lipase and biomass production across six fermentation media yielding 148.75 ± 2.94 e to 274.05 ± 13.70 a (U/mL) and 28.5 ± 1.41 c to 35.4 ± 1.77 a (g/L) respectively. Production media having glucose and peptone as carbon and organic nitrogen sources supported the highest lipase production. Agro waste composition influenced lipase production which ranged from 103.97 ± 2.88 g to 259.78 ± 8.45 a (U/mL). Wheat bran (WTB) (230.78 ± 7.79 U/mL) and rice bran (RCB) (211.62 ± 3.20 U/mL) with the highest carbohydrate contents supported the highest lipase production compared to orange peel, unripe plantain peel, ripe banana peel, ripe plantain peel, and sugar cane bagasse respectively. The purified lipase had 12.74- and 50.81%-fold purification and yield via Sephadex G-100 chromatography with a molecular weight of 53 kDa.
Creepy crawlers to the rescue: Insects as bioindicators Insects as Humans Frenemies from Friends to Foes, 2025
Optimizing Biofuel Production with Artificial Intelligence Optimizing Biofuel Production with Artificial Intelligence, 2025 Optimizing Biofuel Production with Artificial Intelligence will help readers discover how integrating artificial intelligence with biotechnological advancements can revolutionize biofuel production, ensuring a sustainable energy future in response to pressing global challenges like pollution and climate change. This book presents artificial intelligence as a technique to aid the production of biofuels. Recently, tremendous developments have been made in energy and environmental biotechnologies, spurred by societal issues like pollution control, energy security, and climate change. Energy can be obtained from a variety of sources, including coal, oil, natural gas, solar, wind, and nuclear energy. The need to transition to new energy results from finite resources and economic sustainability. Biotechnological process optimization is crucial for ensuring a quality final product and boosting bioconversion performance efficiency. When combined with traditional simulation and modeling methods, artificial intelligence and computer technology can help define ideal process parameters and save total process costs. The energy sector can benefit from artificial intelligence in several ways, including increased asset efficiency, early detection and assessment of wildfire risks, assistance with vegetation management and storm recovery, and optimized energy use. The new frontier for energy is biomass.
Preface Artificial Intelligence for Biomass Based Biofuel Production Current Status and Prospects, 2025
Preface Optimizing Biofuel Production with Artificial Intelligence, 2025
From Fundamentals to Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Enzymatic Biofuel Cells D Kundu, S Jacob, P Samanta, V Kumar, MD Adhikari, NSS Kumar, ... Fuel Cells 26 (2), e70081 , 2026 2026
Toward sustainable industry: integrating industrial symbiosis, biorefineries, and circular economy for SDG alignment A Barathi, D Kundu, K Pooja, M Surya, S Jacob, P Samanta, V Kumar, ... Sustainable Energy & Fuels 10 (8), 1816-1844 , 2026 2026 Citations: 3
Artificial Intelligence for Biomass-based Biofuel Production: Current Status and Prospects A Kuila, A Shastri CRC Press , 2025 2025
The influence of optimized acyl acceptors and fed-batch methanol addition on biodiesel production from soybean cooking oil waste using glyoxyl-agarose-immobilized Aspergillus … GE Adebami, BC Adebayo-Tayo, A Kuila Industrial Crops and Products 238, 122379 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Current status and future prospect of CO2 to ethanol: a review D Kumari, S Sahu, VK Garlapati, A Kuila 3 Biotech 15 (12), 419 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Artificial intelligence in solid waste management in India: current status and future prospects RS Gurjar, S Kumar, A Kuila Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 197 (11), 1-22 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Sustainable production of microalgal nanoparticles through green synthesis towards cancer treatment VK Garlapati, S Sharma, D Sharma, SP Kumar, S Jacob, A Kuila, ... Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 13, 1621876 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Deep eutectic solvent extraction of polyphenol from plant materials: Current status and future prospects in food applications S Sahu, D Kumari, A Kuila, RS Gurjar, K Sharma, R Verma Food Chemistry 482, 144125 , 2025 2025 Citations: 34
Biosourcing and optimization of fungal lipase production from cheap agro waste via solid state fermentation GE Adebami, BC Adebayo-Tayo, A Kuila, BA Babalola, MA Abiala Scientific Reports 15 (1), 20967 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Advancing groundwater sustainability: strategy combining hydro-chemical analysis, pollution mitigation, and community-based water resource governance D Kumari, S Pandit, P Sharma, A Kuila Groundwater for Sustainable Development 29, 101433 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Nanomaterials as a Catalyst for Biofuel Production V Dave, A Kuila Springer , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment: Status, challenges and future prospectives S Pandit, N Yadav, P Sharma, A Prakash, A Kuila Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 166, 105567 , 2025 2025 Citations: 38
Concomitant inhibitor-tolerant cellulase and xylanase production towards sustainable bioethanol production by Zasmidiumcellare CBS 146.36 S Pant, A Prakash, PR Vundavilli, KC Khadanga, A Kuila, TM Aminabhavi, ... Fuel 375, 132593 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Visible light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater by engineered TiO 2 nanoparticles A Rajput, MA Rahman, MH Rahman, A Kuila Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14 (15), 17301-17311 , 2024 2024 Citations: 17
Ecofriendly fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (neem) for effective inhibition of Candida-like fungal infection in medicated nano-coated textile D Singh, P Sharma, S Pant, V Dave, R Sharma, R Yadav, A Prakash, ... Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31 (34), 46575-46590 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Revolutionizing environmental sustainability: exploring the transformative potential of nanocomposites/nanomaterials from recycled waste V Dave, P Sharma, A Kuila, SS Sahay Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31 (29), 41621-41623 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Protective face mask: An effective weapon against SARS-CoV-2 with controlled environmental pollution S Ghosh, V Dave, P Sharma, A Patel, A Kuila Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31 (29), 41656-41682 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
A comprehensive review on technical lignin, lignin hydrogels, properties, preparation, applications & challenges in lab to market transition S Pandit, P Sharma, A Prakash, B Lal, R Bhuyan, I Ahmad, A Kuila Industrial Crops and Products 211, 118262 , 2024 2024 Citations: 40
Nonthermal Food Processing, Safety, and Preservation A Prakash, A Kuila John Wiley & Sons , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Bio-Aviation Fuel via Catalytic Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil S Pandit, A Prakash, A Kuila Biojet Fuel: Current Technology and Future Prospect, 147-162 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Bioremediation of heavy metals by microbial process S Verma, A Kuila Environmental Technology & Innovation 14, 100369 , 2019 2019 Citations: 646
Valorization of agro-waste into value added products for sustainable development T Dey, T Bhattacharjee, P Nag, A Ghati, A Kuila Bioresource Technology Reports 16, 100834 , 2021 2021 Citations: 193
Utilization of vegetable wastes for bioenergy generation A Singh, A Kuila, S Adak, M Bishai, R Banerjee Agricultural Research 1 (3), 213-222 , 2012 2012 Citations: 162
Handbook of LC-MS bioanalysis: best practices, experimental protocols, and regulations W Li, J Zhang, LS Francis John Wiley & Sons , 2013 2013 Citations: 125
Enzymatic depolymerization of Ricinus communis, a potential lignocellulosic for improved saccharification M Mukhopadhyay, A Kuila, DK Tuli, R Banerjee Biomass and bioenergy 35 (8), 3584-3591 , 2011 2011 Citations: 80
Microreactor technology for biodiesel production: a review A Madhawan, A Arora, J Das, A Kuila, V Sharma Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 8 (2), 485-496 , 2018 2018 Citations: 72
Production of ethanol from lignocellulosics: an enzymatic venture A Kuila, M Mukhopadhyay, DK Tuli, R Banerjee EXCLI journal 10, 85 , 2011 2011 Citations: 70
Cellulase production using natural medium and its application on enzymatic hydrolysis of thermo chemically pretreated biomass S Sharma, V Sharma, A Kuila 3 Biotech 6 (2), 139 , 2016 2016 Citations: 65
Accessibility of Enzymatically Delignified Bambusa bambos for Efficient Hydrolysis at Minimum Cellulase Loading: An Optimization Study A Kuila, M Mukhopadhyay, DK Tuli, R Banerjee Enzyme Research 2011 (1), 805795 , 2011 2011 Citations: 65
Principles and applications of fermentation technology A Kuila, V Sharma John Wiley & Sons , 2018 2018 Citations: 58
Cellulolytic enzyme expression and simultaneous conversion of lignocellulosic sugars into ethanol and xylitol by a new Candida tropicalis strain AJ Mattam, A Kuila, N Suralikerimath, N Choudary, PVC Rao, ... Biotechnology for biofuels 9 (1), 157 , 2016 2016 Citations: 58
Employment of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei S Pant, P Nag, A Ghati, D Chakraborty, MR Maximiano, OL Franco, ... Biotechnology advances 60, 108022 , 2022 2022 Citations: 54
Genetics and metabolic engineering of yeast strains for efficient ethanol production GE Adebami, A Kuila, OM Ajunwa, SA Fasiku, MD Asemoloye Journal of Food Process Engineering 45 (7), e13798 , 2022 2022 Citations: 49
Lignocellulosic biomass production and industrial applications A Kuila, V Sharma John Wiley & Sons , 2017 2017 Citations: 47
Process optimization for the extraction of polyphenols from okara A Singh, A Kuila, G Yadav, R Banerjee Food Technology and Biotechnology 49 (3), 322-328 , 2011 2011 Citations: 44
Role of biofilms in waste water treatment S Verma, A Kuila, S Jacob Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 195 (9), 5618-5642 , 2023 2023 Citations: 43
Lipase production from Fusarium incarnatum KU377454 and its immobilization using Fe3O4 NPs for application in waste cooking oil degradation R Joshi, R Sharma, A Kuila Bioresource Technology Reports 5, 134-140 , 2019 2019 Citations: 43
Process optimization for aqueous extraction of reducing sugar from cashew apple bagasse: A potential, low cost substrate A Kuila, A Singh, M Mukhopadhyay, R Banerjee LWT-Food Science and Technology 44 (1), 62-66 , 2011 2011 Citations: 42
A comprehensive review on technical lignin, lignin hydrogels, properties, preparation, applications & challenges in lab to market transition S Pandit, P Sharma, A Prakash, B Lal, R Bhuyan, I Ahmad, A Kuila Industrial Crops and Products 211, 118262 , 2024 2024 Citations: 40
Life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment: Status, challenges and future prospectives S Pandit, N Yadav, P Sharma, A Prakash, A Kuila Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 166, 105567 , 2025 2025 Citations: 38
