Advancing Equity in Education: Progress Towards Inclusive and Equal Access for the Vulnerable in South Africa Abieyuwa Ohonba Education Sciences, 2025 This study evaluates South Africa’s progress toward achieving SDG 4.5 by examining disparities in educational access and outcomes for vulnerable groups, including girls, children with disabilities, rural populations, and low-income households. The study recognises multidimensional inequalities and develops strategies that promote inclusive and equitable education. The quantitative approach was employed by constructing a composite Educational Equity Index (EEI) using seven indicators: gender parity in primary and lower secondary completion, location-based attainment among adults, gender parity in adult lower secondary education, disability parity in primary completion, gender parity among the poorest quintile, and wealth parity in youth literacy. These indicators were standardised and aggregated to develop the EEI. The study developed a multivariate regression model to identify the most influential parity factors affecting youth literacy outcomes. Data from UNESCO, the World Bank, and national education statistics were sourced. The findings revealed persistent inequities across gender, disability, geography, and economic status, with particularly pronounced disparities in adult participation, rural attainment, and youth literacy among poorer households. While parity in youth literacy and primary education completion has been largely achieved, inequities persist in secondary education completion and adult education. The findings further revealed that upper secondary completion had a strong positive impact on equity outcomes, whereas disparities in adult participation significantly hindered progress. This study conducted a comprehensive, data-driven examination of educational equity in South Africa. By presenting a novel index approach customised to SDG 4.5, it provided fresh insights into multidimensional inequalities and offered actionable evidence for targeted policy interventions. The study contributes to scholarship on inclusive education while highlighting practical pathways for South Africa to accelerate progress toward equity in line with global education commitments.
Does financial inclusion grease or sand the wheels of energy poverty in Africa? The role of governance and infrastructure Godswill Osuma, Oluwatosin Oyetayo, Bankole Olajide Martins, Abieyuwa Ohonba Sustainable Futures, 2025 This study examines whether financial inclusion mitigates energy poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa, emphasising the moderating roles of governance quality and infrastructure. Drawing on panel data from 25 Sub-Saharan African countries between 2000 and 2023, our study employs Driscoll-Kraay Fixed Effects, System GMM, and Dynamic Panel Threshold models to ensure robust empirical validation. Our results show that financial inclusion alone does not significantly reduce energy poverty. However, interaction models reveal that financial inclusion effectively alleviates energy poverty when complemented by strong governance institutions and adequate electricity infrastructure. The Dynamic Panel Threshold analysis further supports these moderating influences, identifying critical governance and infrastructure thresholds above which financial inclusion significantly and negatively affects energy poverty. Conversely, in countries below these thresholds, the effect of financial inclusion is limited or statistically insignificant. The findings from the System GMM models also suggest high persistence in energy poverty, with limited evidence of significant interaction effects, underscoring the complexity of the relationship. Overall, the study concludes that financial inclusion is necessary but not sufficient on its own. Addressing energy poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa requires integrated strategies that improve governance effectiveness, scale energy infrastructure, and expand financial access.
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on maternal mortality: evidence from global, developed and developing countries Nicholas Ngepah, Charles S. Saba, Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica, Abieyuwa Ohonba Globalization and Health, 2025 BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on maternal mortality in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1, which aims to reduce maternal mortality to below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Despite advancements, maternal mortality remains disproportionately high in developing countries due to weaker healthcare infrastructure. METHODS: Using panel data from 70 countries (1990-2022), sourced from WHO's Global Burden of Disease (GBD), World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI), UNCTAD, and the World Robotics database, we apply the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach to assess AI's impact over time and the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine short- and long-term effects. RESULTS: AI adoption significantly reduces maternal mortality, particularly in developing countries, where post-2000 advancements have led to notable declines. ARDL results show that 27% of deviations from long-term maternal mortality trends are corrected annually, highlighting AI's sustained impact. The DiD analysis indicates AI's greatest benefits in resource-limited settings, including improving early diagnostics, personalized care, and remote monitoring. In developed countries, AI's effects are marginal due to existing advanced healthcare systems. CONCLUSION: AI presents a transformative solution for reducing maternal mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Policymakers should prioritize AI-driven healthcare, expand digital infrastructure, and ensure equitable access to maximize its benefits. AI integration is crucial for addressing maternal health disparities and accelerating progress toward SDG 3.1.
Capital market indicators and their impact on banking sector performance in Nigeria Godswill Osuma, Abieyuwa Ohonba Cogent Business and Management, 2025 This study investigates the impact of capital market indicators on the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria from 1993 to 2023. Key capital market variables examined include stock market size (market capitalisation), stock price movements (All-Share Index), stock market liquidity (value of shares traded relative to GDP), and treasury bill rates. The study adopts the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to assess short- and long-run relationships. Findings reveal a significant long-run cointegration between capital market development and banking sector performance. Stock market size positively and significantly influences bank growth, indicating that deeper capital markets enhance banking intermediation. However, in the short run, fluctuations in stock prices and market liquidity negatively impact bank growth, suggesting that capital market volatility may pose risks to banking operations. The Error Correction Model confirms a moderate speed of adjustment toward equilibrium, reinforcing the long-term relationship. The study highlights the complementary role of capital markets and banks in Nigeria’s financial system. It recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, improving market transparency, and fostering investor confidence to enhance capital market development and ensure sustained growth in the banking sector. This research contributes to literature by offering sector-specific insights into the capital market–banking performance nexus in emerging economies.
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth in South Africa Augustine Adebayo Kutu, Abieyuwa Ohonba International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2024 The failure of the South African economy to achieve the desired economic expansion raised a serious concern to investigate the potency of trade liberalization policy adopted in the country. This is evidence in macroeconomic indices such as high level of unemployment, poverty and most importantly sluggish economic growth. It is against this back drop that this study was spurred to conduct an analysis of the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth in South Africa covering the period of 1986-2022. The mixed order of integration revealed by the unit root test informed the decision to adopt the ARDL method of estimation. The main findings of interest in this study is the existence of a strong positive relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth in South Africa. Thus, the study concludes that economic integration is healthy for the national economy and hence more liberalization policies should be strategically embrace. The study recommends that the African governments especially South Africa should further open it economic border to allow for free trade with other economies of the world.
Impact of Foreign Capital Inflow on Economic Growth in Nigeria Augustine Adebayo Kutu, Abieyuwa Ohonba Journal of Ecohumanism, 2024 The study examines the impact of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in Nigeria between 1984 to 2020. Four core channels of foreign capital inflows were adopted which consist of foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), and remittances (REM) as the explanatory variables and GDP as the dependent variable. The overall finding revealed that foreign capital inflows have a long-run impact on economic growth in Nigeria except for official development aids. Specifically, the ARDL long-run result revealed that FDI and REM exert strong positive effects on GDP. This implies that FDI and REM are key factors that promote economic growth in Nigeria. Granger causality shows a uni-directional relationship running only from remittance to GDP, implying that remittance is a predictor of economic growth in Nigeria. Interestingly, a bi-directional causal effect exists between FDI and GDP (both are influencers of each other). This generally implies that international capital inflow is one major promoter of economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that Nigeria should pursue workable foreign investment policies that are geared towards attracting inflows of foreign capital which is expected to help generate meaningful economic growth by improving the pace of industrialization and creation of more job opportunities for the teeming youths.
The Impact of Crude Oil Price Fluctuation on Revenue Generation in the Oil Dependent Economy: Nigeria Augustine Adebayo Kutu, Abieyuwa Ohonba International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2024 This study explores the dynamic relationship between crude oil price volatility and revenue generation in Nigeria over a 41-year period from 1981 to 2021. It encompasses an analysis of key variables, including total revenue (REV), oil price (OPV), oil revenue (ORV), non-oil revenue (NRV), and exchange rate (EXCHR). The study employs the Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model to examine the long-term and short-term impacts of oil price volatility on revenue generation. This study reveals that crude oil price volatility (OPV) failed to exert strong impact on total revenue (REV) in Nigeria in the distance period. Oil revenue (ORV) exhibits a strong and positive influence on total revenue, highlighting its pivotal role in revenue generation. Non-oil revenue (NRV) also significantly contributes to total revenue, emphasizing the importance of diversifying revenue sources. Exchange rate (EXCHR) fluctuations do not significantly predict changes in total revenue. Based on the findings, policy recommendations include diversifying revenue sources, enhancing non-oil revenue collection, effective oil revenue management, promoting economic diversification, strengthening tax infrastructure, and adopting prudent budgeting practices.
Exploring the Interactions between Monetary and Macro-prudential Policies for Output Growth in South Africa Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 2024