Vitamin C Protects Against Blood and Thyroid Toxicities Induced by the Chronic Use of Carbamazepine in Rats Ganiu Jimoh Akorede, Suleiman Folorunsho Ambali, Aisha Omobolanle Olatunji, Abdulfatai Aremu, Akeem Olayiwola Ahmed, et al. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 2023 Background: Drugs are the mainstay of the clinical management of epilepsy. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is commonly used for treating epilepsy and neuropathic pain. This drug has been reported to have toxic effects on the hematological system due to its induction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C against hematological and thyroid toxicities caused by the chronic use of carbamazepine in male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult Wistar rats were categorized randomly into four groups of eight rats each and treated as follows: Group 1 received distilled water (2 mL/kg); group 2 was treated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg); group 3 received carbamazepine (20 mg/kg), and group 4 was pre-treated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) and given carbamazepine (20 mg/kg) 30 min later. All treatments were administered via gavage once per day over fifteen consecutive weeks. The rats’ blood samples were tested for changes in hematological parameters while the sera were evaluated for liver biochemical enzymes and thyroid hormone levels. Results: The results revealed that pre-treatment with vitamin C protected against alterations in parameters associated with hematological and thyroid toxicities. Conclusion: Based on the study results, it was concluded that: a) The chronic use of CBZ caused hematological and thyroid toxicities, and b) Vitamin C protected against these toxicities. Therefore, it is highly likely that vitamin C has the potential to protect experimental animals against injuries induced by CBZ to the liver, blood cells, and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in a Wistar rat model.
Antimicrobial profiles of Salmonella species isolated from ruminants slaughtered at the two major abattoirs in Ilorin, Nigeria Philip Babatunde, Akeem Ahmed, Mahmoud Shuaib, Mashood Raji, Abdulfatai Aremu, et al. Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2022 Background: worldwide activities in the countries. The present study was carried out to determine the isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella species from ruminants slaughtered for human consumption at the two major abattoirs in Ilorin, Kwara State. Methods : Between November, 2019 and February, 2020, a total 500 samples were collected from the two major abattoirs in Ilorin metropolis (cattle, n = 240; goat, n = 260). Salmonella species were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological techniques. The isolates were subjected antimicrobial susceptibility test using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay. Results : 20 (4 %) Salmonella isolates were obtained, there was no significant statistical difference between the isolation rates from cattle (3.75 %) and the small ruminant (4.23 %). Varying degree of resistance patterns were obtained with high proportion of the isolates (> 60 %) displaying resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin tested while low resistant phenotypes (5 %) were observed against quinolones. The isolates were pan-susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion : The study documented multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates from ruminants slaughtered for human consumption. It is recommended that further studies to characterize the isolates will assist in recommending the appropriate control strategies to prevent the transmission of resistant Salmonella strains to human via food chain.
Modulatory Effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Leaves on Andrological Parameters and Histopathological Changes of Testes in Streptozocine Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Abdulfatai Aremu, Olayinka Oridupa, Ganiu Akorede, Afisu Basiru, Akeem Ahmed Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022 Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been known to be a major health challenge that have harmful effects on the quality of life globally as a result of its numerous complications. One of the most prevalent secondary complication of the disease is male reproductive system dysfunction. Oral hypoglycaemic drugs are used for managing diabetes but their use has been reported to possess side effects on male reproductive organ leading to significant alteration of spermatogenesis. Lawsonia inermis Linn are used in the treatment of both infectious and non-infectious diseases like poliomyelitis, measles, menorrhagia, vaginal discharge and leucorrhoea. Lawsonia inermis leaves were sectioned using N-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Fractions obtained were assessed for their modulatory effect. Thirteen groups of diabetic rats (n=5) were orally administered 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of each of the three partitioned fraction, metformin (500 mg/kg), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), while untreated hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic rats received distilled water for 28 days. Sperm parameters showed significant (p<0.05) decreased motility in most treatment group compared to normoglycaemic control but significant improvement was observed in sperm parameters when compared to untreated diabetic control. The sperm volume and live/dead ratio of diabetic treated rats showed little or no significant alteration in all the administered dosage compared to both diabetic and non-diabetic controls. Methanol fraction at 100mg/kg presented non-significant (p>0.05) decreased total abnormal sperm cell compared to normoglycemic control. Diabetic and non-diabetic control had a greater number of spermatozoa with tailless head abnormality compared to Lawsonia inermis treatment groups. Histopathology result of diabetic untreated testes showed histological abnormality represented by degenerated seminiferous tubules when compared to normoglycemic control cases. Treatment groups with fractions of Lawsonia inermis presents normal histological appearance. We concluded that this study showed that Lawsonia inermis has significant modulatory or ameliorative effect on various sperm abnormalities and testicular degeneration seen in diabetic ones.
