Abrar Hazoor

@polito.it

Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering
Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Abrar Hazoor


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https://researchid.co/abrar.hazoor

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Road Safety; Driving simulation; Advanced Driver Assistance System; Intelligent Speed Adaption System; Driver Behavior; Risk Mitigation
14

Scopus Publications

210

Scholar Citations

8

Scholar h-index

6

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • How does short training on the use of in-car touchscreen influence driving performance? insights from a driving simulator study
    Abrar Hazoor, Giuseppe Marinelli, Özlem Simsekoglu
    Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2026
    • Driving experience is evolving with the introduction of advanced infotainment systems in vehicles. • The impact of pre-drive short training on the use of in-car touchscreens and its effect on driving performance was assessed. • Longitudinal and lateral driving performance was measured in a simulated environment. • Higher secondary task completion rates do not necessarily mean better overall driving performance. • Training programs need to be properly designed and tested to positively influence driver behaviours and performance. The automotive industry has significantly evolved with the integration of advanced technologies in car infotainment systems, leading to more interactive driving experiences. However, the usage of in-car touchscreen (ICT) interfaces poses challenges such as increased driver distraction. This study investigates the impact of instructor-led pre-drive short (PDS) training on the usage of ICT. The drivers’ performance and behaviour were assessed when using unfamiliar ICT interfaces in a driving simulation. Sixty participants divided into two groups (i.e., trained and untrained) were included and asked to perform multiple secondary tasks on the ICT while driving along a motorway section. We also measured drivers’ longitudinal and lateral behaviour in distracted and undistracted conditions. Contrary to the hypothesis that PDS training sessions would enhance driving performance through improved ICT interface proficiency, the study results show that while such training did increase task completion rates, it was not sufficient to improve overall driving performance. No statistically significant improvements were observed in longitudinal or lateral driving performance compared to untrained drivers. Nevertheless, the study found that driver performance, particularly in lateral vehicle control, improved with increased familiarity and experience. These results suggest that more extensive or alternative training methods may be necessary to address the complexities of ICT interfaces in vehicles. Future research should focus on exploring diverse training approaches and their long-term effects across different in-vehicle infotainment systems.
  • An integrated intelligent speed adaptation system for enhanced driver assistance, driving performance and safety
    Abrar Hazoor, Alessandra Lioi, Giuseppe Marinelli, Marco Bassani
    Transportation Engineering, 2025
    • The performance of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is limited on road curves. • The Intelligent Speed Adaptation for Visibility (V-ISA) adjusts speed based on road conditions. • A driving simulation study assessed the influence of ACC and V-ISA on driver behaviour. • Integrating ACC and V-ISA significantly improved longitudinal driving performance. • The system achieved high system acceptance with no added mental workload. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have become an integral part of modern vehicles, significantly changing the driving experience. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) assists drivers in maintaining a constant speed and a safe following distance; however, it does not moderate the speed along curves when sight limitations occur, thus compromising safety. To address these challenges, this study integrates the Intelligent Speed Adaptation for Visibility (V-ISA) system with ACC. The V-ISA system dynamically adjusts the vehicle speed based on real-time visibility conditions, thereby enhancing safety on road curves where sight distance is restricted. Additionally, this study evaluates the impact of the ACC + V-ISA system on driver performance, specifically focusing on speed management, lateral vehicle control, and driver experience with assistance systems. The study was conducted in a simulated environment with forty-five participants. The results revealed that the ACC + V-ISA system effectively reduced vehicle speed on curves with limited visibility. The ability of the system to regulate speed according to prevailing road conditions highlights its potential to improve road safety. Moreover, the findings suggest that using the V-ISA system integrated with ACC maintains user acceptance and satisfaction while imposing no additional mental workload compared to using ACC alone. These insights are crucial for the future design of ADAS and autonomous vehicles and emphasize the importance of introducing this system into vehicles. LED bar colour
  • Impact of take-over control mechanisms on merging operations of conditionally automated vehicles
    Arastoo Karimi, Abrar Hazoor, Arash Hassani Barbin, Giuseppe Marinelli, Marco Bassani
    Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2025
    • In automated driving, take-over control mechanism impacts driver behaviour. • This experimental driving simulation study focused on merging manoeuvres. • Steering wheel mechanism slowed and destabilized merging operations. • Button and pedal-based take-over controls led to smoother and quicker vehicle merging. • Gender influenced merging behaviour after transitions from automated to manual driving. On the path to fully autonomous road transport, Conditionally Automated Driving (CAD) provides a shared driving experience between the human driver and the automated driving system (ADS). Critical moments arise when drivers must take-over control of the vehicle from the ADS to continue the driving task or perform a specific manoeuvre that is beyond the ADS capabilities. This study investigated the effects of different Take-Over Control (TOC) mechanisms on driver behaviour and performance during a merging manoeuvre after resuming control from a CAD system. Three TOC mechanisms, (i) the steering wheel, (ii) pedals, and (iii) button, were evaluated using the driving simulation. Thirty participants completed three driving sessions on a designed test track. For each session, a single TOC mechanism was activated. Repeated-measures simulation results were analysed using Weibull Accelerated Failure Time with Shared Frailty and linear mixed-effects models. The results showed that, during merging manoeuvres, the steering wheel mechanism led to significantly longer lane-change durations than the button and exhibited lower manoeuvre quality than the pedals, likely due to increased cognitive load. Gender differences were also observed: female drivers commenced lane-change manoeuvres earlier than males but took longer to complete them. The findings offer insights into designing more effective and user-centred TOC mechanisms. In addition, the findings highlight the necessity for more comprehensive designs that consider the variabilities stemming from different ADS interfaces and driver characteristics. Future research should include a broader demographic sample and real-world investigations to further validate the findings and refine these mechanisms.
  • Comparative safety analysis of take-over control mechanisms of conditionally automated vehicles
    Arastoo Karimi, Arash Hassani Barbin, Abrar Hazoor, Giuseppe Marinelli, Marco Bassani
    Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2025
    Conditionally Automated driving (CAD) represents a pivotal point in the evolution of automotive technology, bridging full automation and human intervention through effective control mechanisms that ensure safe driver-system transitions. This research consisted of a comparative analysis of take-over mechanisms, focusing on ordinary merging and diverging maneuvers and critical collision-avoidance scenarios. Three take-over control (TOC) methods, including (i) accelerating/braking, (ii) pressing a dedicated button, and (iii) steering, were investigated. Thirty participants were recruited using a mixed factorial design with both within- and between-subject factors. The experimental simulations were conducted on the fixed-base driving simulator. The participants completed three runs on a motorway track comprising ordinary merging and diverging sections, with the final run involving a sudden critical decision to avoid the collision against two crashed vehicles. Weibull accelerated failure time models with and without shared frailty, mixed effects linear regression and multiple linear regression were used to model TOC time, maximum resultant acceleration, and minimum time to collision values. The results indicate that the pedal mechanism generally provides faster and safer takeovers, especially in critical situations, while the button mechanism results in the longest TOC times, and lowest minimum time to collision values, indicating higher risks. The steering wheel mechanism, associated with the highest maximum resultant acceleration and TOC times in merging and diverging maneuvers, suggests that lateral control may be more cognitively demanding for drivers. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate TOC mechanisms to improve the safety and efficiency of CAD systems.
  • Driver behaviour assessment due to changes in the geometric layout to integrate lateral jet fans in long road tunnels
    A. Lioi, A. Portera, A. Hazoor, L. Tefa, A. Karimi, M. Bassani
    Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2024
    This driving simulation study is aimed at evaluating the effects on the longitudinal and transversal behaviour of drivers attributable to layout changes in an existing long tunnel caused by the introduction of jet fans along the tunnel walls. Furthermore, the effects of two different levels of light intensity capable of revealing or masking the presence of jet fans, thus manipulating the vision of participants, were also evaluated. Forty drivers were involved in this multi–level mixed-factorial experiment, in which twenty car and twenty truck drivers drove on three different layouts of a two–way two-lane long tunnel. Two different pairwise analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these two within-subject factors. The presence of oncoming traffic was also considered as a factor in the study. The presence of jet fans led to lower speeds and affected the transversal behaviour of car and truck drivers in different ways. In the presence of the jet fans trucks reduced the lateral distance to the tunnel wall, while car trajectories were always closer to it. All drivers showed better lateral control when facing the jet fans and when meeting oncoming vehicles. When the light intensity was reduced, truck drivers adopted lower speeds, while with higher light intensity they drove closer to the tunnel wall, thus reducing the risk of collision with any oncoming traffic.
  • Intelligent speed adaptation for visibility technology affects drivers’ speed selection along curves with sight limitations
    Abrar Hazoor, Alberto Terrafino, Leandro L. Di Stasi, Marco Bassani
    Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering English Edition, 2024
    Sight obstructions along road curves can lead to a crash if the driver is not able to stop the vehicle in time. This is a particular issue along curves with limited available sight, where speed management is necessary to avoid unsafe situations (e.g., driving off the road or invading the other traffic lane). To solve this issue, we proposed a novel intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) system for visibility, called V-ISA (intelligent speed adaptation for visibility). It estimates the real-time safe speed limits based on the prevailing sight conditions. V-ISA comes with three variants with specific feedback modalities (1) visual and (2) auditory information, and (3) direct intervention to assume control over the vehicle speed. Here, we investigated the efficiency of each of the three V-ISA variants on driving speed choice and lateral behavioural response along road curves with limited and unsafe available sight distances, using a driving simulator. We also considered curve road geometry (curve direction: rightward vs. leftward). Sixty active drivers were recruited for the study. While half of them (experimental group) tested the three V-ISA variants (and a V-ISA off condition), the other half always drove with the V-ISA off (validation group). We used a linear mixed-effect model to evaluate the influence of V-ISA on driver behaviour. All V-ISA variants were efficient at reducing speeds at entrance points, with no discernible negative impact on driver lateral behaviour. On rightward curves, the V-ISA intervening variant appeared to be the most effective at adapting to sight limitations. Results of the current study implies that V-ISA might assist drivers to adjust their operating speed as per prevailing sight conditions and, consequently, establishes safer driving conditions.
  • Do driver monitoring technologies improve the driving behaviour of distracted drivers? A simulation study to assess the impact of an auditory driver distraction warning device on driving performance
    M. Bassani, L. Catani, A. Hazoor, A. Hoxha, A. Lioi, A. Portera, L. Tefa
    Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2023
  • Adapting V-ISA Technology: Driver Behaviour along Interchange Ramp and Merging/Diverging Terminals
    Abrar Hazoor
    European Transport Trasporti Europei, 2023
    An original in vehicle Intelligent Speed Adaptation System for Visibility (V-ISA) was designed to promote compliance with real-time speed management. The functionality of V-ISA is based on the prevailing sight conditions along the road, and operates in two variants: (i) providing visual information, and (ii) vehicle speed intervention. A road scenario with the driver performing merging and diverging manoeuvres in a motorway section was designed. A within-subject experiment involved 32 participants and a vehicle equipped with the two variants and the system off (baseline condition) under two traffic flow conditions. V ISA had a significant positive effect on the drivers’ longitudinal performance along ramps. This change in behaviour along ramps had no effect on merging and diverging manoeuvres. V ISA had a positive impact on driver speed behaviour in such complex road environment and assisted drivers to modulate the operating speed towards the safe dynamic limits.
  • Validation of a Driving Simulator for Road Tunnel Behavioural Studies
    Alessandra Lioi, Alberto Portera, Luca Tefa, Abrar Hazoor, Marco Bassani
    Transportation Research Procedia, 2023
    Introduction. According to European regulations, road tunnel safety is strategic in the management of national and international road corridors. Although the accident rate is lower in tunnels than on open roads, the severity of crashes in tunnels is higher due to the presence of hard lateral obstacles and limited space in case of lane departure. Driving simulation studies can support design decisions to assess the impact of any safety improvement albeit driving simulators must be validated to understand how the experimental results relate to real driving conditions. Method. This study deals with the behavioural validation of the fixed base driving simulator of the RSDS Lab for safety studies for tunnels. Field speed and lateral position data for vehicles were collected by image analysis of video sequences collected from the CCTV cameras in five sections of the Fréjus tunnel (Italy-France). The tunnel was faithfully modelled in the virtual scenario, and the same data were collected by extracting records at the same cameras’ stations. Thirty-five participants were involved in a between-subject experiment. Fifteen drivers with Italian B licenses drove a car, and twenty professional drivers with Italian C and/or D licenses drove a heavy truck. Results and Conclusions. Normality tests for data distributions and t-tests for the comparison between real and simulated data were conducted. The simulator achieved the relative validation for truck speeds (with values observed in the simulation always lower than those observed in real driving), and absolute validation with regard to truck lateral position. Opposite outcomes were obtained for cars, with absolute validity for speed and relative validity for lateral position. The relative-absolute validation of the driving simulator enables us to establish how experimental outcomes can be generalized to understand the impact of any safety countermeasure.
  • How to take speed decisions consistent with the available sight distance using an intelligent speed adaptation system
    Abrar Hazoor, Alberto Terrafino, Leandro L. Di Stasi, Marco Bassani
    Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2022
  • Alternative Horizontal Markings along Curved Exit Ramp Terminals to Improve Driver-Safety-Related Performance
    Giorgia Raimondo, Alessandra Lioi, Abrar Hazoor, Alberto Portera, Luca Tefa, Marco Bassani
    Transportation Research Record, 2022
  • Impact on driver behaviour of guardrails of different height in horizontal-vertical coordinated road scenarios with a limited available sight distance
    A. Lioi, A. Hazoor, M. Castro, M. Bassani
    Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2022
  • Development of a novel intelligent speed adaptation system based on available sight distance
    Abrar Hazoor, Alessandra Lioi, Marco Bassani
    Transportation Research Record, 2021
  • What's around the curve? A driving simulation experiment on compensatory strategies for safe driving along horizontal curves with sight limitations
    Marco Bassani, Abrar Hazoor, Lorenzo Catani
    Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2019

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Driver visual attention and in-vehicle touchscreen: the role of short training session
    A Hazoor, G Marinelli
    Traffic Safety Research 10, e000137-e000137 , 2026
    2026
  • How does short training on the use of in-car touchscreen influence driving performance? insights from a driving simulator study
    A Hazoor, G Marinelli, Ö Simsekoglu
    Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 36, 101845 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 1
  • An Integrated Intelligent Speed Adaptation System for Enhanced Driver Assistance, Driving Performance and Safety
    A Hazoor, A Lioi, G Marinelli, M Bassani
    Transportation Engineering, 100407 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Impact of take-over control mechanisms on merging operations of conditionally automated vehicles
    A Karimi, A Hazoor, AH Barbin, G Marinelli, M Bassani
    Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 114, 1129-1141 , 2025
    2025
  • Comparative safety analysis of take-over control mechanisms of conditionally automated vehicles
    A Karimi, AH Barbin, A Hazoor, G Marinelli, M Bassani
    Accident Analysis & Prevention 217, 108068 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 7
  • Driver behaviour assessment due to changes in the geometric layout to integrate lateral jet fans in long road tunnels
    A Lioi, A Portera, A Hazoor, L Tefa, A Karimi, M Bassani
    Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 26, 101137 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 5
  • Intelligent speed adaptation for visibility technology affects drivers’ speed selection along curves with sight limitations
    A Hazoor, A Terrafino, LL Di Stasi, M Bassani
    Journal of traffic and transportation engineering (English edition) 11 (1 … , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 10
  • Influence of In-Car Touchscreens on Driver Performance: A Simulator-Based Study Examining Driver Behaviour in Distracted Conditions
    G Marinelli, A Hazoor, Ö Simsekoglu
    The Road Safety and Simulation International Conference (RSS24) , 2024
    2024
  • Driving simulator study on the behaviour of drivers after consuming wines with different sulphite contents
    M Bassani, C De Paolis, V Gerbi, S Giacosa, A Hazoor, A Lioi, ...
    36 ICTCT Conferences-Inclusive and interdisciplinary road safety research, 95-96 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 1
  • Implementation of SAE Automation Levels 2 and 3 on a Driving Simulator for Behavioural and Road Safety Studies
    A Hassani Barbin
    Politecnico di Torino , 2023
    2023
  • Do driver monitoring technologies improve the driving behaviour of distracted drivers? A simulation study to assess the impact of an auditory driver distraction warning device …
    M Bassani, L Catani, A Hazoor, A Hoxha, A Lioi, A Portera, L Tefa
    Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 95, 239-250 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 34
  • Studio al simulatore di guida sul comportamento dei guidatori a seguito dell’assunzione di vini naturali e convenzionali con diverso contenuto di solfiti= Driving simulation …
    A Renolfi
    Politecnico di Torino , 2023
    2023
  • Adapting V-ISA Technology: Driver Behaviour along Interchange Ramp and Merging/Diverging Terminals
    A Hazoor, JD Perdomo, M Bassani
    European Transport/Trasporti Europei 91, 1-13 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 5
  • Validation of a driving simulator for road tunnel behavioural studies
    A Lioi, A Portera, L Tefa, A Hazoor, M Bassani
    Transportation research procedia 69, 352-359 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 9
  • Development and Implementation of a Novel Intelligent Speed Adaptation System Based on Sight Distance
    A Hazoor
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy , 2022
    2022
  • How to take speed decisions consistent with the available sight distance using an intelligent speed adaptation system
    A Hazoor, A Terrafino, LL Di Stasi, M Bassani
    Accident Analysis & Prevention 174, 106758 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 20
  • Integration and Influence of Novel Intelligent Speed Adaptation and Adaptative Cruise Control System on Driver Behaviour
    Y Palazzo
    Politecnico di Torino , 2022
    2022
  • Alternative horizontal markings along curved exit ramp terminals to improve driver-safety-related performance
    G Raimondo, A Lioi, A Hazoor, A Portera, L Tefa, M Bassani
    Transportation research record 2676 (6), 774-787 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 8
  • Assessment of a Driver Distraction Warning device in urban driving
    LI Campo Fernandez
    Politecnico di Torino , 2022
    2022
  • A Driving Simulation Study on The Effectiveness of Technologies Against Distracted Driving
    M Bassani, L Catani, A Hazoor, A Hoxha, A Lioi, A Portera, L Tefa
    101st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board , 2022
    2022

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • What’s around the curve? A driving simulation experiment on compensatory strategies for safe driving along horizontal curves with sight limitations
    M Bassani, A Hazoor, L Catani
    Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 66, 273-291 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 65
  • Do driver monitoring technologies improve the driving behaviour of distracted drivers? A simulation study to assess the impact of an auditory driver distraction warning device …
    M Bassani, L Catani, A Hazoor, A Hoxha, A Lioi, A Portera, L Tefa
    Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 95, 239-250 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 34
  • Impact on driver behaviour of guardrails of different height in horizontal-vertical coordinated road scenarios with a limited available sight distance
    A Lioi, A Hazoor, M Castro, M Bassani
    Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 84, 287-300 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 22
  • Development of a novel intelligent speed adaptation system based on available sight distance
    A Hazoor, A Lioi, M Bassani
    Transportation research record 2675 (9), 1573-1584 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 22
  • How to take speed decisions consistent with the available sight distance using an intelligent speed adaptation system
    A Hazoor, A Terrafino, LL Di Stasi, M Bassani
    Accident Analysis & Prevention 174, 106758 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 20
  • Intelligent speed adaptation for visibility technology affects drivers’ speed selection along curves with sight limitations
    A Hazoor, A Terrafino, LL Di Stasi, M Bassani
    Journal of traffic and transportation engineering (English edition) 11 (1 … , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 10
  • Validation of a driving simulator for road tunnel behavioural studies
    A Lioi, A Portera, L Tefa, A Hazoor, M Bassani
    Transportation research procedia 69, 352-359 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 9
  • Alternative horizontal markings along curved exit ramp terminals to improve driver-safety-related performance
    G Raimondo, A Lioi, A Hazoor, A Portera, L Tefa, M Bassani
    Transportation research record 2676 (6), 774-787 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 8
  • Comparative safety analysis of take-over control mechanisms of conditionally automated vehicles
    A Karimi, AH Barbin, A Hazoor, G Marinelli, M Bassani
    Accident Analysis & Prevention 217, 108068 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 7
  • Driver behaviour assessment due to changes in the geometric layout to integrate lateral jet fans in long road tunnels
    A Lioi, A Portera, A Hazoor, L Tefa, A Karimi, M Bassani
    Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 26, 101137 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 5
  • Adapting V-ISA Technology: Driver Behaviour along Interchange Ramp and Merging/Diverging Terminals
    A Hazoor, JD Perdomo, M Bassani
    European Transport/Trasporti Europei 91, 1-13 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 5
  • How does short training on the use of in-car touchscreen influence driving performance? insights from a driving simulator study
    A Hazoor, G Marinelli, Ö Simsekoglu
    Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 36, 101845 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 1
  • An Integrated Intelligent Speed Adaptation System for Enhanced Driver Assistance, Driving Performance and Safety
    A Hazoor, A Lioi, G Marinelli, M Bassani
    Transportation Engineering, 100407 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Driving simulator study on the behaviour of drivers after consuming wines with different sulphite contents
    M Bassani, C De Paolis, V Gerbi, S Giacosa, A Hazoor, A Lioi, ...
    36 ICTCT Conferences-Inclusive and interdisciplinary road safety research, 95-96 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 1
  • Driver visual attention and in-vehicle touchscreen: the role of short training session
    A Hazoor, G Marinelli
    Traffic Safety Research 10, e000137-e000137 , 2026
    2026
  • Impact of take-over control mechanisms on merging operations of conditionally automated vehicles
    A Karimi, A Hazoor, AH Barbin, G Marinelli, M Bassani
    Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 114, 1129-1141 , 2025
    2025
  • Influence of In-Car Touchscreens on Driver Performance: A Simulator-Based Study Examining Driver Behaviour in Distracted Conditions
    G Marinelli, A Hazoor, Ö Simsekoglu
    The Road Safety and Simulation International Conference (RSS24) , 2024
    2024
  • Implementation of SAE Automation Levels 2 and 3 on a Driving Simulator for Behavioural and Road Safety Studies
    A Hassani Barbin
    Politecnico di Torino , 2023
    2023
  • Studio al simulatore di guida sul comportamento dei guidatori a seguito dell’assunzione di vini naturali e convenzionali con diverso contenuto di solfiti= Driving simulation …
    A Renolfi
    Politecnico di Torino , 2023
    2023
  • Development and Implementation of a Novel Intelligent Speed Adaptation System Based on Sight Distance
    A Hazoor
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy , 2022
    2022