General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Pesticide Use in Cucumber Cultivation in Iran: A Systematic Review of Environmental and Health Impacts Amin Pirmoghani, Behzad Shahmoradi, Asghar Bagheri Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2025 Background: Rapid population growth is putting pressure on agriculture to meet food demands with limited land and water. This has led to increased crop production and greater use of agrochemicals, especially pesticides. However, their impact on biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health—particularly in communities near agricultural areas—is a growing concern. Methods: This systematic review followed three main steps: literature search, study selection, and data extraction. The searches were conducted in PubMed and Scopus using core keywords and synonyms. Relevant papers were screened by title, abstract, and full text. Also, VOSviewer software was used to visualize and assess bibliographic data. Results: Pesticides have both acute (e.g., nausea, headaches, skin and eye irritation) and chronic effects (e.g., respiratory issues, memory disorders, depression, cancer, and infertility). Residues in crops, groundwater, and surface water pose risks to humans and ecosystems. Improper pesticide management, failure to follow pre-harvest interval (PHI), and inadequate washing or peeling can result in residues exceeding maximum residue limits (MRLs), threatening food safety. Proposed strategies to mitigate these risks include reducing pesticide use, improving spraying practices, training farmers, adopting sustainable methods like integrated pest management, and leveraging new technologies. Simple practices like washing, peeling, and low-temperature storage can also reduce residues. Conclusion: Pesticide use should follow recommended guidelines. While transitioning to natural farming can reduce environmental and health impacts, social and cultural barriers limit its adoption in developing countries. Practical, context-specific solutions are urgently needed to reduce pesticide residues and ensure food safety.
Occupational Exposure to Pesticides, Personal Protection, and Willingness to Reduce Chemical Sprayings Among Iranian Greenhouse Farmers Asghar Bagheri, Ziba Shirzadi, Ali Akbar Shokohian, Abolmohammad Bondori, Christos A. Damalas Journal of Agromedicine, 2025 OBJECTIVES: The level of greenhouse farmers' personal protection in pesticide use and the possibility of environmental protection through farmers' willingness to reduce chemical sprayings were assessed in Khuzestan Province, Iran. METHODS: A survey of 80 active greenhouse vegetable growers was carried out in 2021 with face-to-face interviews. Willingness to reduce chemical sprayings was examined with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. RESULTS: Several intoxication symptoms were reported, with the most common symptom of pesticide intoxication being dizziness. Farmers showed unsafe or rather unsafe use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during pesticide handling. The maximum use of PPE pertained to the use of mask, spray clothing, and long-sleeved shirts. On a scale from 1 (= totally disagree) to 5 (= totally agree), the respondents showed negative attitudes towards reducing chemical sprayings (mean = 2.30), rather low levels of subjective norms (mean = 2.67), and rather low levels of perceived behavioral control over reduction of chemical sprayings (mean = 2.76). The TPB variables accounted for 73% of the variance in farmers' behavioral intention. Overall, farmers' behavioral intention to reduce chemical sprayings was almost neutral. CONCLUSION: Increasing knowledge of the adverse effects of pesticides on health is necessary to promote safety behavior of farmers in the greenhouse.
Application of the theory of planned behavior to model the intention and behavior of tomato growers in pesticide exposure Amin Pirmoghani, B. Shahmoradi, P. Taymoori, Asghar Bagheri, Parisa Nasrollahi, Zhino Karimi, Farough Mohammadian, Naier Emami, H.J. Choi Heliyon, 2024 Widespread and indiscriminate use of pesticides has become one of the most important environmental and public health problems around the world. This study was conducted with the aim of applying the theory of planned behavior model to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of tomato growers in the face of pesticides in agricultural lands located in Kurdistan province, western Iran. We included 300 tomato growers in this study and they filled up a standard TPB questionnaire containing questions about basic information, knowledge, attitude and behavior about pesticides and their actions for disposing of the residual spray solution, washing place of pesticide sprayer, and the disposal of water from washing the equipment. Most of the respondents, 86.7 %, had not participated in promotional classes on how to dispose of the residual solution. Approximately 46.15, 38.46, and 15.39 % of pesticides contained moderately toxic, slightly toxic and practically non-toxic compounds, respectively. More than two-thirds (89 %) of the tomato growers stated that they leave the water from washing the equipment in the field. In addition, among the three variables of TPB, attitudes had the highest score (3.38), which indicated the positive to relatively neutral attitude of farmers towards the safe use of pesticides. These findings can be useful for planners and environmental organizations to make effective interventions to reduce environmental pollution caused by pesticides. Since the incorrect use of pesticides is one of the important environmental and health factors, education and awareness programs can help farmers to consider the correct use of pesticides and environmental protection more.
Extension Experts"Intentions to use Precision Agricultural Technologies, a Test with the Technology Acceptance Model Asghar Bagheri, Javad Tarighi, Naier Emami, Mariusz Szymanek Acta Technologica Agriculturae, 2024 Precision agriculture (PA) is a farm management strategy that relies on various technologies to improve the productivity and sustainability of farming operations. The adoption of PA entails on-farm and off-farm benefits; however, the adoption rates remain low in Iran. Using the socio-psychological framework of the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study examined agricultural extension experts‘ intentions to use precision agricultural technologies (PATs) in Ardabil province, Iran. Structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) was used to map the components of the TAM (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward PATs). All the components of the TAM showed a significant effect on experts‘ intentions, confirming the importance of socio-psychological variables in predicting agricultural experts‘ decision to apply PATs. Experts perceived PATs as helpful and relatively easy to use. In addition, they had positive attitudes toward PATs and intended to use most PA technologies. The TAM posits that two attitudinal components of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) determine acceptance and use. PU is the degree to which one believes using technology would enhance job performance, while PEU is the degree to which using technology is free of effort. The results showed that PEU and PU had a positive impact on attitudes. The three constructs positively affected behavioural intention toward the application of PATs and explained 68.8% of the variance of this construct. Due to the novelty of PA in the country, PEU was the most critical determinant of intention.
Factors affecting rice wastage in Mazandaran Province, Iran Ebrahim Ebrahimi, Asghar Bagheri, Mojtaba Sookhtanlou, Fathollah Keshavarz Shal International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2023 This study investigated factors influencing rice wastage in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The wastage was estimated by a combination of the Delphi technique and interviews. Nineteen experts were sampled by snowball sampling for the Delphi technique. In addition, a sample of 258 farmers was sampled using Cochran's formula. Ordinal logistic regression using STATA Software was employed for data analysis. According to the results, 12 local factors influencing rice wastage were derived among which 'pests (Chilo suppressalis, Ephydra afghanica Dahl, etc.)', accounting for 5% of the wastage, was found to be the most important cause of wastage in the region. The findings also showed six factors - including age, educational level, farm area, mean crop yield, number of machines owned, and waste management knowledge - had significant and positive impact on increasing the wastage and discriminated the paddy growers in four groups, i.e., farmers with low, relatively low, relatively high and high wastage.
Assessing farmers’ knowledge of Moghan plain about the consequences of chemical pesticides for community health, the environment, and food security Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 2020
Potato growers’ risk perception: A case study in ardabil province of Iran Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016
Interpretation on biological control adoption of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) in north part of Iran: Application for technology acceptance model (TAM) Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2016
Comparative analysis of characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of artificial insemination in Ardabil province of Iran Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2011
Adoption and non-adoption of sprinkler irrigation technology in Ardabil Province of Iran African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011
Farmers’ Intention to Adapt to Climate Change: An Application of an Extended Version of Integrated Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theories A Bagheri, N Emami Journal of Rural Research 16 (2), 125-140 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Occupational exposure to pesticides, personal protection, and willingness to reduce chemical sprayings among Iranian greenhouse farmers A Bagheri, Z Shirzadi, AA Shokohian, A Bondori, CA Damalas Journal of Agromedicine 30 (1), 14-26 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Famers’ Intention to Use Precision Farming Technologies, Application of the Extended Technology Acceptance Model: A Case in Ardabil Province A Bagheri, N Emami Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 27 (1), 81-95 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Application of the theory of planned behavior to model the intention and behavior of tomato growers in pesticide exposure A Pirmoghani, B Shahmoradi, P Taymoori, A Bagheri, P Nasrollahi, ... Heliyon 10 (15) , 2024 2024 Citations: 13
Protective behavior in chemical spraying among farmers of northern Iran A Bondori, A Bagheri, CA Damalas Environment, Development and Sustainability 26 (7), 17673-17685 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Extension experts ‘intentions to use precision agricultural technologies, a test with the technology acceptance model A Bagheri, J Tarighi, N Emami, M Szymanek Acta Technologica Agriculturae 27 (2), 84-91 , 2024 2024 Citations: 13
عاملهای تاثیرگذار بر رفتار بهداشتی گلخانهداران استان خوزستان نسبت به آفتکش-ها باقری, شیرزادی, زیبا, بندری, ابوالمحمد, سواری مببینی مطالعات علوم محیط زیست 9 (1), 8134-8145 , 2024 2024
Factors affecting hygiene behavior of greenhouse owners of khozestan on pesticides A Bagheri, Z Shirzadi, A Bondori, A Sawari Mobini Journal of Environmental Science Studies 9 (1), 8134-8145 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Monitoring point source pollution by pesticide use: an analysis of farmers’ environmental behavior in waste disposal: A. Bagheri et al. A Bagheri, N Emami, CA Damalas Environment, Development and Sustainability 25 (7), 6711-6726 , 2023 2023 Citations: 21
Perceptions of agricultural experts towards barriersto the adoption of precision agriculture A Bagheri, N Emami International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development 13 (2), 103-114 , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Factors affecting rice wastage in Mazandaran Province, Iran E Ebrahimi, A Bagheri, M Sookhtanlou, FK Shal International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 31 (3), 308-324 , 2023 2023
Occupational exposure to pesticides and safety behavior among Iranian greenhouse farmers A Bagheri, Z Shirzadi, M Sookhtanlou, A Shokohian, A Bondori, ... 2022 Citations: 2
Farmers’ intended and actual adoption of soil and water conservation practices A Bagheri, A Teymouri Agricultural Water Management 259, 107244 , 2022 2022 Citations: 63
Modeling farmers’ intention for safe pesticide use: the role of risk perception and use of information sources A Bondori, A Bagheri, M Sookhtanlou, CA Damalas Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (47), 66677-66686 , 2021 2021 Citations: 32
Horticultural products irrigated with treated sewage: are they acceptable? Z Deh-Haghi, A Bagheri, CA Damalas, Z Fotourehchi Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (38), 54057-54068 , 2021 2021 Citations: 10
Farmers' behavior in reading and using risk information displayed on pesticide labels: a test with the theory of planned behavior A Bagheri, N Emami, CA Damalas Pest Management Science 77 (6), 2903-2913 , 2021 2021 Citations: 55
Assessment of farmers’ understanding of the pictograms displayed on pesticide labels B Asghar, P Sahar, AM Sadegh Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (14), 17812-17825 , 2021 2021
Assessment of farmers’ understanding of the pictograms displayed on pesticide labels A Bagheri, S Pirmoazen, MS Allahyari Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (14), 17812-17825 , 2021 2021 Citations: 25
Use of biologic inputs among cereal farmers: application of technology acceptance model A Bagheri, A Bondori, MS Allahyari, J Surujlal Environment, Development and Sustainability 23 (4), 5165-5181 , 2021 2021 Citations: 56
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Modeling farmers’ intention to use pesticides: An expanded version of the theory of planned behavior A Bagheri, A Bondori, MS Allahyari, CA Damalas Journal of environmental management 248, 109291 , 2019 2019 Citations: 341
Farmers' behavior towards safe pesticide handling: An analysis with the theory of planned behavior A Bagheri, N Emami, CA Damalas Science of the total Environment 751, 141709 , 2021 2021 Citations: 177
Pesticide handling practices, health risks, and determinants of safety behavior among Iranian apple farmers A Bagheri, N Emami, MS Allahyari, CA Damalas Human and ecological risk assessment: an international journal 24 (8), 2209-2223 , 2018 2018 Citations: 153
Perceptions of paddy farmers towards sustainable agricultural technologies: case of Haraz catchments area in Mazandaran province of Iran. A Bagheri, HS Fami, A Rezvanfar, A Asadi, S Yazdani 2008 Citations: 125
Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of pesticide use in apple farms of northern Iran: impact on safety behavior A Bagheri, N Emami, CA Damalas, MS Allahyari Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (9), 9343-9351 , 2019 2019 Citations: 121
Farmers’ acceptance and willingness to pay for using treated wastewater in crop irrigation: A survey in western Iran Z Deh-Haghi, A Bagheri, Z Fotourehchi, CA Damalas Agricultural Water Management 239, 106262 , 2020 2020 Citations: 87
Pesticide waste disposal among farmers of Moghan region of Iran: current trends and determinants of behavior A Bondori, A Bagheri, MS Allahyari, CA Damalas Environmental monitoring and assessment 191 (1), 30 , 2019 2019 Citations: 84
RETRACTED: Use of personal protective equipment towards pesticide exposure: Farmers' attitudes and determinants of behavior A Bondori, A Bagheri, CA Damalas, MS Allahyari Science of the total environment 639, 1156-1163 , 2018 2018 Citations: 82
Potato farmers’ perceptions of sustainable agriculture: the case of Ardabil province of Iran A Bagheri Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 5, 1977-1981 , 2010 2010 Citations: 76
Farmers’ intended and actual adoption of soil and water conservation practices A Bagheri, A Teymouri Agricultural Water Management 259, 107244 , 2022 2022 Citations: 63
Modeling cereal farmers’ intended and actual adoption of integrated crop management (ICM) practices A Bagheri, A Bondori, CA Damalas Journal of Rural Studies 70, 58-65 , 2019 2019 Citations: 62
Use of biologic inputs among cereal farmers: application of technology acceptance model A Bagheri, A Bondori, MS Allahyari, J Surujlal Environment, Development and Sustainability 23 (4), 5165-5181 , 2021 2021 Citations: 56
Farmers' behavior in reading and using risk information displayed on pesticide labels: a test with the theory of planned behavior A Bagheri, N Emami, CA Damalas Pest Management Science 77 (6), 2903-2913 , 2021 2021 Citations: 55
Retracted: Pesticide use in cereal production in Moghan Plain, Iran: Risk knowledge and farmers’ attitudes A Bondori, A Bagheri, M Sookhtanlou, MS Allahyari, CA Damalas Crop Protection 110, 117-124 , 2018 2018 Citations: 55
Understanding the attitudes and practices of paddy farmers for enhancing soil and water conservation in Northern Iran D Ashoori, A Bagheri, MS Allahyari, A Michailidis International Soil and Water Conservation Research 4 (4), 260-266 , 2016 2016 Citations: 55
Adoption and non-adoption of sprinkler irrigation technology in Ardabil Province of Iran A Bagheri, A Ghorbani African Journal of Agricultural Research 6 (5), 1085-1089 , 2011 2011 Citations: 39
An examination of soil and water conservation practices in the paddy fields of Guilan province, Iran D Ashoori, A Bagheri, MS Allahyari, AS Al-Rimawi Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, 959-971 , 2016 2016 Citations: 33
Potato growers’ risk perception: A case study in Ardabil Province of Iran A Bagheri, H Shabanali Fami Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 18 (1), 55-65 , 2016 2016 Citations: 33
Modeling farmers’ intention for safe pesticide use: the role of risk perception and use of information sources A Bondori, A Bagheri, M Sookhtanlou, CA Damalas Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (47), 66677-66686 , 2021 2021 Citations: 32
Assessment of farmers’ understanding of the pictograms displayed on pesticide labels A Bagheri, S Pirmoazen, MS Allahyari Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (14), 17812-17825 , 2021 2021 Citations: 25